Argentina has been the recipient of significant immigration flows that continue today, reaching a peak in the period 1870-1930, and has important foreign communities, mainly Paraguayans, Bolivians, Italian and Spanish. From mid-1960's began to register considerable emigration flows, which reflects the process of "brain drain" to the political persecution that existed until 1983 and repeated economic crises, the main destinations in Spain, Italy, United States and Mexico.192 the 2001 census recorded a negative migration balance in the period 1995-2000, a process that INDEC has estimated that continued during the 2000-2005 period, reversing the historical surplus of the country.

Argentina by their extension, 2.780.400 km ², are the second been of South America, quarter in the American continent and eighth in the world, only considering the subject continental surface to their effective sovereignty; if the Falklands islands are taken into account, Georgias of the South, Sandwich of the South and Aurora (administered by the United Kingdom, although vindicated by Argentina like integral part of its territory), plus the Antarctica area demanded to the south of the parallel 60° S, denominated the Antarctic Argentina (that includes the Orkneys islands of Sur and Shetland of the South), the total surface rises to 3.761.274 km ².

Argentina's American continental territory, that includes great part of the South Cone, limits the north with Bolivia and Paraguay, the northeast with Brazil, the west and the south with Chile and the east with Uruguay and the Atlantic Ocean.

On 25 of May of 1810 were demoted the last Spanish Virrey that governed from Buenos Aires, organizing itself the First Governing body, and the 9 of 1816 July were formally proclaimed in Tucuman their independence like free and sovereign country.

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