Australia is divided in six continental states, two
territories and other smaller territories. The S-states the New Wales of Sur
(NSW), Queensland (QLD), Southern Australia (SA), Tasmania (ANVIL), Victory
(VIC) and Western Australia (WA). Both continental territories are the Territory
of Norte (NT) and the Territory of Australian Capital (ACT). In most of their
subjects, the territories work of way similar to the states; nevertheless the
Parliament of the Federation has the power of annulling any legislation of the
parliaments of first. In resistance, the federal legislation it only can annul
legislations of the states regarding certain areas according to settles down in
Section 51 of the Australian Constitution; all the residual legislative powers
are handled by the parliaments of the states, including hospitals, education,
police, judicial power, highways, public transport and local government. Each
state and territory have its own legislature (unicameral in the case of the
Territory of the North, the Territory of the Capital Australiana and Queensland,
and bicameral in the remaining states). The House of Representatives is
well-known as Legislative Assembly (Camera of the Assembly in Australia
Meridional and Tasmania) and the Senate is called Legislative Advice. The head
of Government of each state and territory is denominated to premier or chief to
minister respectively. Reina is represented in the states by a governor, the
Territory of the North by an administrator, and in the Territory of the
Australian Capital by the Governor-general. Australia also has several smaller
territories. The federal Government administers a separated area within the New
Wales of the South, the Territory of Jervis Bay, as naval base and seaport for
the national capital. Australia owns in addition the following inhabited
external territories: Norfolk island, Island of Christmas and Islands Coconuts
(Keeling); and the uninhabited external territories of Islands Ashmore and
Cartier, Islands of the Sea of the Chorale, Islands Heard and McDonald and
Australian Antarctic Territory; as far as two supposed islands, the Dougherty
and the Emerald, these for years they have been considering a fiction and,
therefore, they are categorisen like islands ghost.
The Australian economy has not suffered a recession since the early 1990's. By April 2008, unemployment was 4.1% .34 The tertiary sector of the economy, including tourism, education and financial services, comprises 69% of GDP. Agriculture and natural resource exploitation comprise 3% and 5% of GDP respectively, but contribute substantially to national exports. The most important export markets for Australia include Japan, China, the United States, South Korea and New Zealand.
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Although
great part of Australia is desert or semi-arid, exists in her a great diversity
of habitats, from alpine heaths to tropical rainy forests. Due to the great age
of the continent, the little fertility of its grounds, its different extremely
variable climates and his prolonged isolation from the rest of the continents,
the Australian biota is unique and diverse. Around 85% of the plants with
flower, 84% of the mammals, more of 45% of the birds, and 90% of the fish of the
tempered coastal zones are endemic. Many of the ecorregiones of
Australia and the native species that live in them
is threatened by the human activities and the introduction of exotic species.
The Act of Environmental protection and Conservation of the Biodiversity of 1999
is the used legal frame for the protection of the threatened species. Numerous
protected areas have been created by the Plan of Action of the Biodiversity to
protect and to conserve the unique ecosystems of the continent; moist soils are registered under the
Agreement of Ramsar and exist in addition 16 declared sites World-wide Patrimony
to the Humanity. Australia occupies the position number 13 in the world in the
Index of Environmental Viability of 2005.