The territory of Belgium has an extension of 30,510 km ² and it is divided geographically in 3 regions: the coastal plain to the northwest, the central plateau and the high plateaus from the Ardennes to the south-east. Following the example of the Netherlands, the coastal plain has gained some spaces of the North Sea by means of docks and channels. The central plateau, in the interior, is a smooth area and of little altitude, that has many fertile valleys and is irrigated by numerous navigable routes. Here also there are structures of a rougher relief, like caves and small throats. The region of the Ardennes is more injuring than the other two. It is a wooded, very rocky plateau and densely not very apt for the culture, that extends until the north of France. Here it is where the majority of the wild fauna of Belgium is concentrated. In this region the highest point of Belgium is located, the Signal de Botrange, just by 694 meters of altitude. The climate is marine tempering, with significant precipitations throughout the year (climatic Classification of Köppen: CFV; the average temperature is of 3°C in January and 18°C in July, and the average precipitation is 65 millimeters in January and 78 millimeters in July).

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Belgium has an open economy. Has developed an excellent transportation infrastructure (ports, canals, railroads and highways) to integrate its industry with those of neighboring countries. Antwerp is the second largest port in Europe, behind Rotterdam. Founding member of the European Union, Belgium supports the extension of the powers of the institutions of the EU to integrate the economies of member states. In 1999, Belgium adopted the euro, the single European currency, which definitely replaced the Belgian franc in 2002. The Belgian economy is strongly oriented towards foreign trade, especially high value added products. The main imports are foodstuffs, machinery, diamonds, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, clothing and accessories and fabrics. The main exports are automobiles, food and food products, iron and steel, processed diamonds, textiles, plastics, petroleum products and nonferrous metals. Since 1922, Belgium and Luxembourg have been a single commercial market, a customs and monetary union, Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union. Its main trading partners are Germany, the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States and Spain. Belgium set out in ninth place in the Human Development Index of the United Nations in 2005.

Etymology: The oldest use of the terms Belgae and Belgium that arrived to us is in the one Of Beautiful Gallico de Julio Caesar. It divides the Galia that it conquered in three parts: the Gauls speaking properly, the aquitanos and the Belgians. These last ones are separated of the Gauls by the Seine and the Marne. During the reign of Augusto, Agripa Frame divides the Galia in three provinces and one among them takes the name of Gallia Belgium. This last one will be reorganized during Domiciano divide that it in three new provinces, a Gallia Belgium and two Criminal slang. The Gallia Belgium still more behind schedule will be divided in two: prime Belgium ET Belgium Seconds. Present Belgium has little to do with these old Roman provinces, most of its territory is located in Criminal slang Inferior (later call Criminal slang Seconds) and in Belgium It seconds. These terms disappear completely almost after the Barbarian invasions, subsisting only under the pen of some clergymen. They do not reappear but until second half of century IX, after the split of the empire of Carlomagno, with the creation of the Lotaringia. The clergymen of the time, to more follow the fashion that another thing, use the Belgium term to designate the kingdom of Lotario II located between the Gallia de Carlos the Bald one and the Criminal slang of Luis old the Germanic one. The denominations Belgae, Belgium, Gallia Belgium disappear again to century XII after the disappearance of the Lotaringia.