Egypt is in the northeast end of the African continent, recostado on the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It limits the west with Libya, the south with Sudan, the north with the Mediterranean and the east with the Red Sea and Israel. Its territory is occupied in its immense majority by the desert of the Sahara, that is crossed by a unique river, the Nile, that waters the unique fertile land of the country and that has been the main source of wealth that has allowed the development of several cultures throughout the history of Egypt. A delta of about 200 km of extension in North-South direction ends at the Mediterranean forming and between Alexandria and Damieta in East-West direction

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The old name of the country, Kemet (km.t), or `earth negra', is derived from the fertile black slime deposited by the floods of the Nile, different from " earth roja" (dsr.t) of the desert. The name transformed into kīmi and kīmə in the stage copta of the Egyptian language, and was translated to primitive the Greek like Χημία (Jimía). Miṣr, the Arab official name (مصر) of Egypt is of Semitic origin that says a Straits. The Hebrew name for Egypt is מִצְרַיִם (mitzráyim), that means `two literally estrechos', by a reference to the historical separation in the Stop and Under Egypt. Miṣr meant `originally metrópoli', `civilización' and also `país' or `earth fronteriza'. The name مصر is derived from the Semitic base صار (ṣr), that refers narrowness. Some say that the etimología of the singular Hebrew word מַצֵר (to metzar) is derived from the base צור (ṣr, صار) and the area code מֵ (me). מַצֵר also is written מֵיצַר (to meytzar) and others say that it is derived from מֵי (mey), water, and צֵר (to tzar), width. The name in Spanish, Egypt, comes from the Aegyptus Latin, derivative as well of the Greek word Αίγυπτος (Aigyptos). The term was adopted in copto like Gyptios, and happened to the Arab like Qubt. It has been suggested word is a corruption of the Egyptian phrase ḥwt-k3-ptḥ, that means `house of the spirit (ka) of Ptah', the name from a temple to the God Ptah in Menfis. According to Estrabón, the Greek term Aigyptos meant `beyond the Egeo' (Aἰγαίου ὑπτίως, Aegaeon uptiōs).