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The relief presents/displays four regional formation force: to the North, a continental sector dominated by the Alps; on its feet, the plain of the Po; to the South a peninsular sector articulated by the Apennines; and finally the earth insulares. The alpine system almost extends by Italian territory the totality of its southern slope. In this great mountainous set they emphasize the formation calcareous of the Dolomitas (Marmolada, 3,342 ms of alt.) and in the crystalline sector, of more rustic forms, some of main summits of all the alpine system: It mounts Rosa (4,634 ms), Cervino (4,478 ms). Some mountain passages (Mont Cenis, Simplon, Brennero) ensure communications with the neighboring regions. The prealpine region presents/displays lengths and deep valleys, with numerous Lagos: Garda (370 km ²), Major, Like, Iseo. To the South of the Alps, between these and the Apennines, the plain of the Po extends (the longest river of the country, with 652 km in length), moats Tectonics filled up by the sedimentary deposits contributed by the rivers that descend from the Apennines and, especially, of the Alps (Adige, 410 km; Piave), and that drains the plain that is abre to the Adriatic Sea by the coast NE of Italy. The rest of Italian, although numerous plains, is of little extension, and they are located preferably in the tirrénico coast, formed by important rivers (Arno, Tíber) or by coastal plains (Maremma, Pontino Land). The chain of the Apennines constitutes the spine of the Italian peninsula, and in her three sectors are distinguished: the northern Apennines, those of smaller height and smoother forms (it mounts Cimone, 2,163 ms); the central Apennines, also denominated Abruzos, that constitute the ceiling of the chain (Great Sasso, 2,914 ms), and present/display modeled of cárstico type; finally, the southern Apennines, that have their culminating point in the Pollino mount (2,271 ms). To both slopes of the chain they extend hill formation, denominated the SubApennines or the AntiApennines, emphasizing those of the rim Or, where some volcanos rise (Vesubio, mounts Amiata, Flégreos Fields). In the extreme S of the Itálica peninsula, the island of Sicily is considered an prolongation of the Apennines (I mount Nebrodi, Peloritani, Madonia), emphasizing the Etna mount, that with its 3,345 ms of alt. more stop of Europe is the active volcano. The island of Sardinia is also mountainous (I mount of Gennargentu), although is possible to emphasize the tectonic grave of Campidano, between Oristano and Cagliari. The Italian climatology, although it has Mediterranean character, presents/displays remarkable regional variations. First of all, as a result of its considerable extension in latitude: annual averages in Milan of 23 °C in July and 1.5 °C in January, whereas in Palermo, 11 average happiness are of 26.2 and °C. On the other hand, due to the orographic conditions: the Alps, that act of barrier before winds of the North, register the majors precipitations (of 3,000 to 3,800 mm annual); the Apennines, on the other hand, establish a clear distinction between their two slopes: the tirrénica, that are exposed to the humid currents of the West, and the adriática slope, to leeward of these influences (less than 500 mm annual in Apulia).
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Italy is as much linguistic a very homogenous country as religiously, but he is diverse cultural, economically and politically. Italy owns the fifth greater population densidad in Europe, with an average of 198 people by square kilometer. From the Sixties of century XX the Italian population underwent a change in its rate of growth, that decreased until 0.0% of annual average between 1985-1990: the reduction of the rate of mortality was accompanied by a considerable reduction of the rate of natality. The change in the demographic tendencies also affected the traditional migratory movements that until then had made of Italy one of the majors reserves of manpower of Europe and America. Italy happened to become o'clock of arrival of immigrants of the Third World, but, mainly, important internal migratory currents settled down, with a massive movement of population of the South towards Rome and the North industrialized (Turin, Milan, Genoa, Venice and Bologna), but not towards the northeast, that still was very poor, that has not made but radicalize the differences between the north and the south. The concentration of the Italian population in the urban nuclei (69% of urban population) has generated a network homogenous of great cities, that play the role of regional centers (Naples, 973,132 hab. ; Turin, 908.263; Palermo, 663.173; Genoa, 610.887; Bologna, 372,256, and Florence, 364,710), with two outstanding nuclei at national level; Rome (2.718.768 hab.), the political capital, and Milan (1.299.633), the economic capital. The minority groups are small, being the German major of these the one of speech in the Tyrol of the South (according to the 1991 census, the population is composed by 287,503 people of German speech and only 116,914 of Italian speech), followed by the francoprovenzales in the region of the Valley d' Aosta and the Slovenes around Trieste. The judeo-spanish language is coofficial in dolomitas mountains. Other minority groups with languages partially had the charge of include the friulanos, Sardinian and the speakers of Catalan in Alguer. In spite of being the Roman catholicism the predominant religion (85% of the population), exists mature communities of protestants and Jews and an increasing community of Muslim origin. Italy has 59.762.887 inhabitants (Istat 04,2008), and is in favor compound ethnically (data 2006) of 97.6% of European (Italian 95.5% + other European 2.1%), 1.1% of African (majority of Moroccans), 0.7% of Asians (majority of Chinese), 0.4% of Americans (majority of Ecuadorian Colombians and) and 0.2% of others | |
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Italy is recognized by its art, culture and numerosísimos monuments, among them the tower of Pisa and the Roman Coliseo; as well as by its gastronomy (famous Italian plates are the pizza and it grazes), its wine, its style of life, its painting, its design, cinema, theater, Literature and music, in particular the opera. The period of the European Renaissance began in Italy during centuries XIV and XV