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The flag of the United Kingdom (Union Flag or Union Jack) is
a combination of the crossings of the holy employers of England, of Scotland and
Northern Ireland, three of the four regions that, with Wales, form the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Red Cross on white bottom of
the center is the one of San Jorge, of England. The white vane on blue bottom is
the cross of San Andres, of Scotland. And the red vane on white bottom is the
cross of Saint Patrick, of Ireland. It is, given the absolute English hegemony
in the United Kingdom, very commonly confused with the flag of England. The
final version of the Flag of the Union appeared in 1801, when taking place the
union of Great Britain with Ireland, as a result of which the cross of Saint
Patrick was included because previously already the crossings of the employers
of England and Scotland had been combined. The cross remains in the flag
although at present Northern Ireland comprises of the United Kingdom solely. One
is due to notice that in the definitive version of this official flag of the
United Kingdom does not have a
peculiarity: the cross-shaped crossings that is to
say, the white one on blue bottom or of san Andres who represents Scotland (to
see flag of Scotland) and the red one reeled of Saint Patrick that represents
Ireland put in English de la Cruz of san Jorge back. Such interleave of the
crossings of san Andres and Saint Patrick was made to avoid to vice versa give
the idea of priority of Scotland on Ireland or. It is necessary to notice that,
whereas the crossings of San Jorge and San Andres have one long tradition, "
cross of Saint Patrick" it is of recent invention. Wales is not represented in
the flag of the Union because, when it appeared the first official version of
his flag, Wales already had been united with England, although the elements of
the flag of the Country of Wales, a red dragoon on a white and green bottom,
date from century XV. The dragoon is a symbol that probably was introduced in
Great Britain by the Roman legions. The Flag of the Union is due to upwards
hoist with the wider band white diagonal near the spear, and the white band
narrower diagonal (in the part that waves) more far from the spear. In spite of
his frequent use, it is not recognized officially, that is to say, there is no
document protects that it like national flag of the United Kingdom, but only
like jack flag. On the other hand, the United Kingdom is of the countries that
have different national pavilions. They denominate " Network Ensign" or "Red
Pavilion" to the civil pavilion, " White Ensign" or " White Pavilion" to the
naval pavilion (except the Air Force, that has a special pavilion), and "Blue
Ensign" or "Blue Pavilion" to the institutional pavilion. In addition, they have
infinity of variants of each of them, with privileges approved for diverse
organisms and nautical clubs, that can include their shields in the fold of the
corresponding pavilion. The Union Jack appears in great amount of flags of the
ex- colonies and British colonies, for example in those of Australia, New
Zealand, Tuvalu, Hawaii, Santa Helena, the Falklands; in the old flag of Canada;
the old flag of South Africa, in the flag of the Thirteen Colonies that preceded
to the United States etc
The literature consists predominantly of Wales in Welsh,
Latin and English. Its origins date back to the Middle Ages, around the
sixth century. The first noteworthy work is the History Brittonum, in whose
pages and appointing figures of the epic tradition as Taliesin and Aneirin,
authors respectively and Y Llyfr Taliesin Gododdin.
And Gododdin Page, XIV.A century poem early fourteenth century was developed
cywydd metrical form, which would become the most important traditional
Welsh poetry. The main work of the fledgling tradition is that of Geoffrey
of Monmouth, who in his Historia Regum Britanniae review the lives of the
kings of the Britons, starting with the Trojans to finish taking Britain by
the Anglo-Saxons in the seventh century . The work was composed in the
1130s.
Among the highlights Latin writers Welsh historian Giraldus Cambrensis. For
its part, the first book written entirely in Welsh is the black Book of
Carmarthen, in the 1250s, with the Mabinogion turn the most important
collection of medieval stories local.
Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet of the first half of the XX.En 1588, William Morgan
translated and published the Bible in Welsh, favoring the spread as much of
the language of Welsh literature. During the sixteenth and seventeenth also
appreciate the first signs of an Anglo-Welsh literature in English, in the
works of Henry Vaughan and George Herbert.
In the eighteenth century the activities of figures such as Mason and
historian Iolo Morgannwg contribute to the recovery of the Eisteddfod. From
this period include Visions of the Sleeping Bard (Gweledigaetheu and Bardd
Cwsc) Ellis Wynne, a classic work of literature in Welsh Publish in 1703.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, literature began to
reflect the political use of language, in which stressed the leader of Welsh
nationalism, Saunders Lewis, and writer Kate Roberts.
The industrialization of South Wales from the nineteenth century provoked a
wave of immigration of English speakers into the area, contributing to the
emergence of an Anglo-Welsh literature. Among the most outstanding authors
of this aspect of Welsh literature are Arthur Machen, Lewis Jones, Richard
Llewellyn and Dylan Thomas, author of Under Milk Wood